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Writer's pictureArna Erega

Sharpening Focus: The Art of Attention Control in Sport Psychology


In the fast-paced and dynamic world of sports, where split-second decisions can define success, the ability to control attention emerges as a game-changing skill. Attention control allows us to direct our focus purposefully and effectively. Let's discuss how mastering this skill can help one’s performance reach new heights.


Understanding Attention Control

In competition, athletes often find themselves navigating stimulation from various sources: the crowd cheering, opponents' movements, comments, or trash talk, and the pressure of the moment. Attention control involves honing the ability to filter out distractions, maintain concentration, and allocate focus to relevant cues critical for optimal performance.


Key Components of Attention Control:

  • Selective Attention

Athletes must learn to selectively attend to relevant information while ignoring distractions. This involves focusing on crucial cues such as the ball's trajectory, opponent movements, or strategic elements of the game.

  • Sustained Attention

Sustained attention is the capacity to maintain focus over an extended period. In sports, this skill is vital for staying engaged throughout a match or competition without becoming mentally fatigued.

  • Divided Attention

Divided attention comes into play when athletes need to multitask or attend to multiple stimuli at the same time. This skill is particularly relevant in team sports where monitoring teammates, opponents, and the overall game situation is essential.


Social psychology perspectives include theories of attention and distraction that focus on how task-irrelevant cues (i.e. worry, anxiety, fatigue, taunting, or mistakes) can enter the system and have a negative impact on one’s ability to focus on task-relevant information. During a performance, one can start thinking about mechanics (control processing) instead of competing in a state of flow (automatic processing).


Two types of distractions can impact performance: 

  • Internal distractions include overthinking, thinking about past mistakes, future challenges, low motivation, fear, doubt, fatigue, and injury. 

  • External distractions include other people, coaches, teammates, opponents, officials, parents, auditory distractions like noise, or environmental conditions like weather, venue, equipment, or scoreboard. 


The theory of attentional and interpersonal style highlights individual differences in attentional control and capacity, and the ability to appropriately manage distractions. The attention can range from broad to narrow in width and from internal to external in direction.


There are four attentional styles

  • Broad internal focus 

  • Broad external focus

  • Narrow internal focus

  • Narrow external focus 


Sport psychology clinicians can help athletes learn how to navigate and enhance their attention control. This can be done through developing and mastering a variety of skills like like cue recognition, mindfulness, developing pre-competition routines, etc. Stay tuned for future blogs as we unravel more facets of sports psychology, exploring the nuanced world of mental skills that define champions.

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